1792. Maximum Average Pass Ratio

• Time: C++/Java: $O(|\texttt{classes}| + |\texttt{extraStudents}| \log |\texttt{classes}|)$, Python: $O((|\texttt{classes}| + |\texttt{extraStudents}|) \log |\texttt{classes}|)$
• Space: $O(|\texttt{classes}|)$

C++JavaPython

class Solution {
 public:
  double maxAverageRatio(vector<vector<int>>& classes, int extraStudents) {
    // (extra pass ratio, pass, total)
    priority_queue<tuple<double, int, int>> maxHeap;

    for (const vector<int>& c : classes) {
      const int pass = c[0];
      const int total = c[1];
      maxHeap.emplace(extraPassRatio(pass, total), pass, total);
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < extraStudents; ++i) {
      const auto [_, pass, total] = maxHeap.top();
      maxHeap.pop();
      maxHeap.emplace(extraPassRatio(pass + 1, total + 1), pass + 1, total + 1);
    }

    double ratioSum = 0;

    while (!maxHeap.empty()) {
      const auto [_, pass, total] = maxHeap.top();
      maxHeap.pop();
      ratioSum += pass / static_cast<double>(total);
    }

    return ratioSum / classes.size();
  }

 private:
  // Returns the extra pass ratio if a brilliant student joins.
  double extraPassRatio(int pass, int total) {
    return (pass + 1) / static_cast<double>(total + 1) -
           pass / static_cast<double>(total);
  }
};

class Solution {
  public double maxAverageRatio(int[][] classes, int extraStudents) {
    // (extra pass ratio, pass, total)
    PriorityQueue<T> maxHeap =
        new PriorityQueue<>((a, b) -> Double.compare(b.extraPassRatio, a.extraPassRatio));

    for (int[] c : classes) {
      final int pass = c[0];
      final int total = c[1];
      maxHeap.offer(new T(getExtraPassRatio(pass, total), pass, total));
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < extraStudents; ++i) {
      final int pass = maxHeap.peek().pass;
      final int total = maxHeap.poll().total;
      maxHeap.offer(new T(getExtraPassRatio(pass + 1, total + 1), pass + 1, total + 1));
    }

    double ratioSum = 0;

    while (!maxHeap.isEmpty())
      ratioSum += maxHeap.peek().pass / (double) maxHeap.poll().total;

    return ratioSum / classes.length;
  }

  // Returns the extra pass ratio if a brilliant student joins.
  private double getExtraPassRatio(int pass, int total) {
    return (pass + 1) / (double) (total + 1) - pass / (double) total;
  }

  private record T(double extraPassRatio, int pass, int total){};
}

class Solution:
  def maxAverageRatio(
      self,
      classes: list[list[int]],
      extraStudents: int,
  ) -> float:
    def extraPassRatio(pas: int, total: int) -> float:
      """Returns the extra pass ratio if a brilliant student joins."""
      return (pas + 1) / (total + 1) - pas / total

    maxHeap = [(-extraPassRatio(pas, total), pas, total)
               for pas, total in classes]
    heapq.heapify(maxHeap)

    for _ in range(extraStudents):
      _, pas, total = heapq.heappop(maxHeap)
      heapq.heappush(
          maxHeap, (-extraPassRatio(pas + 1, total + 1), pas + 1, total + 1))

    return sum(pas / total for _, pas, total in maxHeap) / len(maxHeap)